{"id":1884,"date":"2021-03-20T18:38:59","date_gmt":"2021-03-20T17:38:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/?page_id=1884"},"modified":"2021-03-20T18:53:34","modified_gmt":"2021-03-20T17:53:34","slug":"ljubljana-slovenia","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/?page_id=1884","title":{"rendered":"Ljubljana (Slovenia)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/UIRS-Slovenia-1-300x300.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-903\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/UIRS-Slovenia-1-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/UIRS-Slovenia-1-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/UIRS-Slovenia-1-24x24.png 24w, https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/UIRS-Slovenia-1-36x36.png 36w, https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/UIRS-Slovenia-1-48x48.png 48w, https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/UIRS-Slovenia-1.png 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Partner:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.uirs.si\/en-us\/\" target=\"_blank\">UIRS &#8211; Urban Planning Institute of the Republic of Slovenia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>.wp-show-posts-columns#wpsp-1887 {margin-left: -2em; }.wp-show-posts-columns#wpsp-1887 .wp-show-posts-inner {margin: 0 0 2em 2em; }<\/style><section id=\"wpsp-1887\" class=\" wp-show-posts\" style=\"\"><article class=\" wp-show-posts-single wpsp-clearfix post-1706 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-uirs category-public-space-users category-web-mobile-technologies\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" itemscope><div class=\"wp-show-posts-inner\" style=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<header class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/?p=1706\" rel=\"bookmark\">How ICT provision can improve aspects of spatial use and quality?<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-meta wp-show-posts-entry-meta-below-title post-meta-inline\"><span class=\"wp-show-posts-terms wp-show-posts-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/?cat=98\" rel=\"tag\">Ljubljana (Slovenia)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/?cat=63\" rel=\"tag\">Public Space Users and their Socio-Spatial Practices<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/?cat=96\" rel=\"tag\">Web-Mobile Technologies<\/a><\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/header><!-- .entry-header -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-content\" itemprop=\"text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p><strong>Authors<\/strong>: <strong><em>Ina \u0160uklje Erjavec<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To better understand and present the complexity of the relationship between users&#8217; needs for space use and quality and the necessary attributes and ways of using ICT tools to improve various aspects of space quality, we have prepared an overview table that includes and shortly describes key spatial quality aspects of the outdoor setting, list of some user needs related to both spatial and ICT use, ICT attributes relevant to fulfil those needs, some possibilities and types of ICT implementation, and suggestions of related added values to listed spatial quality aspects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Legend:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>AR<\/strong> = Augmented Reality<\/li><li><strong>LT<\/strong> = Location Technology<\/li><li><strong>W<\/strong> = Wi-Fi<\/li><li><strong>VT<\/strong> = Vision Technology<\/li><li><strong>DM+<\/strong> = Data Management plus more<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>SPATIAL QUALITY ASPECTS<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>USER NEEDS<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>DIGITAL TOOLS \/ICT<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>DIGITAL TOOLS \/ICT<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>ADDED VALUES<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><strong>Attributes<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Type of implementation<\/strong><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(Public) Accessibility<\/td><td>Physical accessibility orientation, navigation, access for all (inclusiveness)<br><br>Accessibility to technology \u2013 skills\/use, affordability, equality (inclusiveness)<\/td><td>Easy to use (intuitive) devices, (no need to be<br>ICT-literate)<br>Path quality &#8211; access for all<br><br>Online information before visiting place &#8211; available for all needs<\/td><td>Wayfinding apps \u2013 \u201cfiltering\u2019 based on user profile and requirements Overlaying of additional information within App for specific purposes (augmented reality);<br>In-situ devices <strong>LT, AR<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u2022<\/strong> Enhancing access for all (facilitating it)<br><strong>\u2022<\/strong> Responding more specifically to user requirements,<br><strong>\u2022<\/strong> Possibility for user feedback to enrich data<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Security<\/td><td>To feel safe in the space, not to be controlled or observed; to retain:<br>&#8211; physical safety<br>&#8211; emotional\/<br>&#8211; psychological<br>safety<br><br>Internet security &#8211; not to be hacked<\/td><td>Physical and virtual privacy, confidence, alert to danger, feedback, security check<\/td><td>ICT tools and apps for:<br>&#8211; Lighting<br>&#8211; Sound and light<br>interactivity<br>&#8211; Suitable<br>structure of<br>place, good<br>visibility,<br>&#8211; Validated<br>networks Monitoring cameras<br><strong>AR, LT, VT, W, DM<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u2022<\/strong> Social networking<br><strong>\u2022<\/strong> User\u2019s involvement<br><strong>\u2022<\/strong> New users<br><strong>\u2022<\/strong> Higher usability<br><strong>\u2022<\/strong> New ways of lighting<br><strong>\u2022<\/strong> Flexibility<br><strong>\u2022<\/strong> Activation system<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Legibility<\/td><td>To understand the place\/move easily<\/td><td>Readability<\/td><td>Planning &#8211; Layout and way-marking <strong>AR, LT, VT, W, DM<\/strong><\/td><td>Better orientation flow of movement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Clear Identity of place<\/td><td>Unique features<\/td><td>Artworks, landscaping, facilities<\/td><td>Recognition, significance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sociability<\/td><td>Participation and inclusion Interaction<\/td><td>Gathering \/ social settings<br>Interactive settings<br>Play features<\/td><td>Clear space\/ICT demarcation \/time- independent but spatially localised social interaction<br><strong>AR, W, DM, LT<\/strong><\/td><td>Well-being and social cohesion, ownership\/care sense of belonging,<br>e-agora<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Adaptability<\/td><td>Adapt to special needs<br>Co-create \u2013 temporarily change<br>Capacity for individual change<\/td><td>Future-proof design<br>Flexibility<br>Ephemerality<\/td><td>Apps, Wi-Fi<br>Sensors, Screens and other in-situ devices and settings<br>(Regular maintenance and updating needed)<br><strong>VT, DM, W<\/strong><\/td><td>Co-creation, citizen input, experimentation of solutions, possibly temporary<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Functionality<\/td><td>Accessibility Comfort<\/td><td>Welcoming spaces, clear pathways<\/td><td>Social design and facility provision <strong>DM, LT<\/strong><\/td><td>System trust<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Connectability<\/td><td>Between spaces (permeability), people and information<\/td><td>Secure and high-bandwidth provision<\/td><td>Maintaining networks, facilitation<br><strong>W, DM<\/strong><\/td><td>Social cohesion, communication<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Variety<\/td><td>Attractors Opportunity of choice<\/td><td>Gaming, social, information layers<\/td><td>Embedded games and play, socially hybrid spaces \u2013 e.g. chess\/coffee<br><strong>AR, LT, VT, W, DM<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u2022<\/strong> Enjoyment<br><strong>\u2022<\/strong> Play<br><strong>\u2022<\/strong> New uses<br><strong>\u2022<\/strong> Innovation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(Social) resilience in the face of emergency<\/td><td>Obtain and give effective and reliable information; Knowledge as to where to go; Access to amenities<br>Organisational support for groups<\/td><td>Quick responsiveness<br>Spatial adaptability to user needs<br>ICT-functioning support<br>Accessibility (to both space and technology)<\/td><td>Energy independence or passive energy generation<br>Monitoring devices e.g. air\/water quality, waste\u2026<br><strong>W, DM, VT, LT<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u2022<\/strong> Timely information provision and exchange<br><strong>\u2022<\/strong> A direct communication channel e.g. via social media<br><strong>\u2022<\/strong> Monitoring available resources<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Environmental<br>\/ ecological sustainability<\/td><td>Optimal microclimate<br>Water retention<br>Biodiversity<br>Pollution and natural disaster mitigation<\/td><td>Real-time monitoring via sensors<br>Visualising the information in situ<\/td><td>Sensors<br>Screens<br>Apps<br><strong>DM, VT, LT, in situ sensors<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u2022<\/strong> Raising awareness and knowledge<br><strong>\u2022<\/strong> Support policymaking and management<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health<br>(physical and mental) and wellbeing<\/td><td>Outdoor physical activity<br>Mental restoration (connection with nature)<br>Knowledge about optimal environmental conditions to carry out physical activity<\/td><td>Challenging and attractive environment for physical activities;<br>Virtual environment to enhance wellbeing;<br>Real-time information;<br>Health-related statistics<\/td><td>Innovative elements that invite one to perform physical activities<br>Screens, Apps Games<br><strong>AR, VT, LT, DM<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u2022<\/strong> Raising awareness, knowledge, promotion of a healthy lifestyle;<br><strong>\u2022<\/strong> Attract new people outdoors; Incentivise activity of visitors;<br><strong>\u2022<\/strong> Offer new experiences<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>References: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24140\/2020-sct-vol.4-2.1\" target=\"_blank\">\u0160uklje Erjavec, I. &amp; \u017dlender, V. (2020). Categorization of digital tools for co-creation of public open spaces. Key aspects and possibilities. Planning Practice and Research (165-183). In Smaniotto Costa, C., Ma\u010diulien\u0117, M., Menezes, M. &amp; Goli\u010dnik Maru\u0161i\u0107, B. (Eds.). Co-Creation of Public Open Places. Practice &#8211; Reflection &#8211; Learning. C3Places Project. Lisbon: Lus\u00f3fona University Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24140\/2020-sct-vol.4-2.1.<\/a><\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007%2F978-3-030-13417-4_17\" target=\"_blank\">\u0160uklje Erjavec, Ina, and Ruchinskaya, Tatiana (2019). A Spotlight of Co-Creation and Inclusiveness of Public Open Spaces. In CyberParks \u2013 The Interface Between People, Places and Technology, edited by Smaniotto Costa C. et al. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 11380. Springer, Cham.<\/a><\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/cyberparks-project.eu\/examples\" target=\"_blank\">CyberParks Project. Pool of Examples (n.d.). Retrieved June 7, 2019. Available at http:\/\/cyberparks-project.eu\/examples<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .entry-content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- wp-show-posts-inner --><div class=\"wpsp-clear\"><\/div><\/article><article class=\" wp-show-posts-single wpsp-clearfix post-1702 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-co-creation-of-public-open-spaces category-uirs category-public-space-users category-web-mobile-technologies\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" itemscope><div class=\"wp-show-posts-inner\" style=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<header class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/?p=1702\" rel=\"bookmark\">Evaluation of digital tools for co-creation of public open space<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-meta wp-show-posts-entry-meta-below-title post-meta-inline\"><span class=\"wp-show-posts-terms wp-show-posts-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/?cat=60\" rel=\"tag\">Co-Creation of Public Open Spaces<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/?cat=98\" rel=\"tag\">Ljubljana (Slovenia)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/?cat=63\" rel=\"tag\">Public Space Users and their Socio-Spatial Practices<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/?cat=96\" rel=\"tag\">Web-Mobile Technologies<\/a><\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/header><!-- .entry-header -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-content\" itemprop=\"text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p><strong>Authors<\/strong>: <strong><em>Ina \u0160uklje Erjavec, Vita \u017dlender<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In relation to the Digital Co-Creation Index \u2013 a tool to assess, measure and compare digital co-creation initiatives, a conceptual framework was elaborated to convey the penetration of ICT into public spaces. The criteria are structured according to three aspects: spatial quality aspects, user-related aspects, and technological aspects (Figure 1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1007\" height=\"318\" src=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Table-evaluation-of-digital-tools.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1703\" srcset=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Table-evaluation-of-digital-tools.png 1007w, https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Table-evaluation-of-digital-tools-300x95.png 300w, https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Table-evaluation-of-digital-tools-768x243.png 768w, https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Table-evaluation-of-digital-tools-24x8.png 24w, https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Table-evaluation-of-digital-tools-36x11.png 36w, https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Table-evaluation-of-digital-tools-48x15.png 48w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1007px) 100vw, 1007px\" \/><figcaption>Figure 1: Three aspects and criteria to consider when selecting ICT for co-creation of public spaces.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>SPATIAL QUALITY ASPECTS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The approach to evaluating these aspects is grounded on basic principles of researching, understanding and designing public spaces developed by theorists and practitioners such as W.H. Whyte, J. Gehl, S. Carr and others. Specifically, the criteria, indicators and tools from the Project for Public Spaces \u201cThe Place Diagram\u201d (Project for Public Spaces, 2009) and Jan Gehl\u2019s \u201c12 Urban Quality Criteria\u201d (2017) were examined more profoundly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>SPATIAL QUALITY ASPECTS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The approach to evaluating these aspects is grounded on basic principles of researching, understanding and designing public spaces developed by theorists and practitioners such as W.H. Whyte, J. Gehl, S. Carr and others. Specifically, the criteria, indicators and tools from the Project for Public Spaces \u201cThe Place Diagram\u201d (Project for Public Spaces, 2009) and Jan Gehl\u2019s \u201c12 Urban Quality Criteria\u201d (2017) were examined more profoundly. In addition, we took into consideration the outcomes of the CyberParks Project and evaluated the performance of the C3Places POS Quality Index (C3Places, 2019) for the Living Labs assessment that we adapted to the current context of POS, with its digital transformation in mind. The main spatial quality aspects which include additional dimensions relevant for ICT penetration into POS, are defined as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Accessibility and linkages<\/strong> \u2013 Legibility, Navigation, Convenience for movement, Interlinking, Level of physical, social and digital accessibility.<\/li><li><strong>Place-related safety<\/strong> \u2013 Vandalism, Traffic, Injuries, Environmental safety (monitoring).<\/li><li><strong>Image &amp; Quality of place attributes<\/strong> \u2013 Attractiveness, Personalisation and individual creation possibilities, Adaptability, Monitoring, Environmental quality and Ecological sustainability.<\/li><li><strong>Uses and activities<\/strong> \u2013 Communication and education possibilities, Access to information, Sociability, Research possibilities, Playfulness, Variety, Responsiveness, Service provision, Health and wellbeing.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>USER-RELATED ASPECTS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To define criteria for these aspects, our guiding question was: Which characteristics of ICT are needed to satisfy use and successful co-creation experiences? As basis for development of criteria the Social Responsiveness Index and the Digital Inclusiveness Index were used, plus a sub-indices of Digital Co-Creation Index (C3Places, 2019) and literature review of existing classifications and criteria of ICT features to enable satisfactory user experience. We considered criteria for methods and approaches selection from \u201cParticipedia\u201d (n.d.) and the work of Kaplan &amp; Haenlein (2014), who focused on collaborative projects, such as one on ICT tools, grouping them along two dimensions: type of knowledge that is created within a collaborative project, and mutual independence of individual contributions. We define user related aspects as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Interactivity<\/strong> &#8211; User\u2019s engagement along with the device\/ media\/ application used, its type of interaction, degree of interaction and type of experience<\/li><li><strong>Content manipulation and management<\/strong> \u2013 How is it provided and what is user supply?<\/li><li><strong>Usability<\/strong> &#8211; Ease of use, respect for privacy, saving work for future use, customization potential, possibility of choice<\/li><li><strong>User-related safety<\/strong> &#8211; security and privacy assurance technology (protection of personal data, anonymity of ideas, etc.) and social resilience<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The guiding question for the technological aspects was: How can digital technology support quality of place and the way the place is used and developed? The main issues to define are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Technical requirements regarding<\/strong> software, hardware and network communication, and their installation: is there a need for the internet, are any specific operational systems required, i.e. electricity, speakers, etc.?<\/li><li><strong>From the time-related point of view<\/strong>: is the ICT tool functioning permanently or temporarily, continuously or intermittently?<\/li><li><strong>From the point of view of functioning place<\/strong>: is the ICT tool static, located in the POS, portable, to be used in POS, or remotely accessible to be used for distant POS-related activities?<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>On this basis, we have systemised types of ICT tools and their supporting devices in three main categories which describe where the tool is installed in relation to the open space and how an ICT tool interacts with the user. The subtypes of tools are defined according to POS, user-related functions and specific characteristics. Thus, the developed framework for classifying digital tools for co-creation is addressed in<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/?p=1493\" target=\"_blank\"> the next section<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>References:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24140\/2020-sct-vol.4-2.1\" target=\"_blank\">\u0160uklje Erjavec, I. &amp; \u017dlender, V. (2020). Categorization of digital tools for co-creation of public open spaces. Key aspects and possibilities. Planning Practice and Research (165-183). In Smaniotto Costa, C., Ma\u010diulien\u0117, M., Menezes, M. &amp; Goli\u010dnik Maru\u0161i\u0107, B. (Eds.). Co-Creation of Public Open Places. Practice &#8211; Reflection &#8211; Learning. C3Places Project. Lisbon: Lus\u00f3fona University Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24140\/2020-sct-vol.4-2.1.<\/a><\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/c3places.eu\/outcomes\" target=\"_blank\">C3Places. (2019). Methodological Framework for LIVING LABS in European Cities. Available athttps:\/\/c3places.eu\/outcomes.<\/a><\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/gehlinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/TWELVE-QUALITY-CRITERIA.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Gehl, J. (2017). Twelve Urban Quality Criteria. Available at https:\/\/gehlinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/TWELVE-QUALITY-CRITERIA.pdf<\/a><\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bushor.2014.05.004\" target=\"_blank\">Kaplan, A., &amp; Haenlein, M. (2014). Collaborative projects (social media application): About Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Business Horizons, 57(5), 617\u2013626. Available at https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bushor.2014.05.004.<\/a><\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/participedia.net\/en\/browse\/methods?f%255B0%255D=field_completeness%3A5&amp;f%255B1%255D=field_completeness%3A4%0A\" target=\"_blank\">Participedia. (n.d.). Retrieved 27 March 2019.<\/a><\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pps.org\/article\/grplacefeat\" target=\"_blank\">PPS &#8211; Project for Public Spaces. (2009). What Makes a Successful Place? Retrieved 10 June 2019. Available at https:\/\/www.pps.org\/article\/grplacefeat.<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .entry-content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- wp-show-posts-inner --><div class=\"wpsp-clear\"><\/div><\/article><article class=\" wp-show-posts-single wpsp-clearfix post-1671 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-uirs category-public-space-users category-web-mobile-technologies\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" itemscope><div class=\"wp-show-posts-inner\" style=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<header class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/?p=1671\" rel=\"bookmark\">Possible benefits of using ICT tools in co-creation process<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-meta wp-show-posts-entry-meta-below-title post-meta-inline\"><span class=\"wp-show-posts-terms wp-show-posts-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/?cat=98\" rel=\"tag\">Ljubljana (Slovenia)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/?cat=63\" rel=\"tag\">Public Space Users and their Socio-Spatial Practices<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/?cat=96\" rel=\"tag\">Web-Mobile Technologies<\/a><\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/header><!-- .entry-header -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-content\" itemprop=\"text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p><strong>Authors<\/strong>: <strong><em>Ina \u0160uklje Erjavec, Vita \u017dlender<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To effectively use all the ICT potential it is important to understand co-creation in its broader sense: as a process that includes all stages of POS development and addresses all types of related collaboration activities, such as involving end users (citizens) and other relevant stakeholders, sharing information and local knowledge, collaborating on data gathering, expressing opinions, needs, wishes and values, defining priorities, visions and aims, working on decision making as well as placemaking with different participatory planning and co-design activities and comanagement (\u0160uklje Erjavec, 2017; \u0160uklje Erjavec &amp; Ruchinskaya, 2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As further next step towards better understanding the possibilities for co-creation, we developed the following structure of the possible use of different ICT tools. It explains the type of function and way of integration in the process of planning and design, place making, place management and community engagement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>FOR EXPERTISE WORK \u2013 technology for supporting spatial development processes<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&gt;<em>in the <strong>process of spatial planning and design<\/strong>, digital tools could be used to better:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Understand, analyse and evaluate spatial and social state of the art faster, more deeply and comprehensively<\/li><li>Assess and evaluate proposals more transparently<\/li><li>Develop more transparent solutions, scenarios and models<\/li><li>Present solutions more understandably and efficiently for non-experts (hardware and software)<\/li><li>Perform sharing, co-production, co-creating, co-designing between experts and with stakeholders<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>FOR PLACE FUNCTIONING \u2013 technology in place &amp; technology supporting the use of place<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>&gt;in the <strong>process of place making<\/strong>, digital tools could increase:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Responsiveness and adaptability of place<\/li><li>Communication about place and within place<\/li><li>Orientation and access to information<\/li><li>Attractiveness, usability and playfulness of place<\/li><li>Identity and recognizability of place<\/li><li>Personalization and individual creation possibilities<\/li><li>Education possibilities<\/li><li>Research possibilities, etc.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>&gt;in the <strong>process of place management<\/strong>, digital tools could increase<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Monitoring \u2013 environmental and spatial quality<\/li><li>Maintenance feedback (sensors, mobile apps, platform)<\/li><li>Work coordination<\/li><li>Traffic management<\/li><li>Cultural content management<\/li><li>Technical management<\/li><li>Maintenance management<\/li><li>Information management, etc.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>FOR COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT \u2013 technology for supporting community engagement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>&gt;<strong>to raise awareness and increase involvement of the community<\/strong>, digital tools could increase the effectiveness of:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Information collection, sharing and management<\/li><li>Social communication, interactivity and networking management<\/li><li>Public involvement and participation<\/li><li>Co-creation process management<\/li><li>Construction of community capacity and common issues and goals<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Reference: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24140\/2020-sct-vol.4-2.1\" target=\"_blank\">\u0160uklje Erjavec, I. &amp; \u017dlender, V. (2020). Categorization of digital tools for co-creation of public open spaces. Key aspects and possibilities. Planning Practice and Research (165-183). In Smaniotto Costa, C., Ma\u010diulien\u0117, M., Menezes, M. &amp; Goli\u010dnik Maru\u0161i\u0107, B. (Eds.). Co-Creation of Public Open Places. Practice &#8211; Reflection &#8211; Learning. C3Places Project. Lisbon: Lus\u00f3fona University Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24140\/2020-sct-vol.4-2.1.<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .entry-content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- wp-show-posts-inner --><div class=\"wpsp-clear\"><\/div><\/article><article class=\" wp-show-posts-single wpsp-clearfix post-1518 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-co-creation-of-public-open-spaces category-community-involvement category-uirs\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" itemscope><div class=\"wp-show-posts-inner\" style=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<header class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/?p=1518\" rel=\"bookmark\">Actors and their roles in the co-creation of Public Open Space<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-meta wp-show-posts-entry-meta-below-title post-meta-inline\"><span class=\"wp-show-posts-terms wp-show-posts-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/?cat=60\" rel=\"tag\">Co-Creation of Public Open Spaces<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/?cat=61\" rel=\"tag\">Community Involvement<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/?cat=98\" rel=\"tag\">Ljubljana (Slovenia)<\/a><\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/header><!-- .entry-header -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-content\" itemprop=\"text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p><strong>Authors<\/strong>: <strong><em>Barbara Goli\u010dnik Maru\u0161i\u0107, Ina \u0160uklje Erjavec, Vita \u017dlender<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite the agreement in the academic literature that co-creation is a collective creative endeavour (Arnstein, 1969), we believe that the role of citizens and that of professionals differ.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With regard to the roles of citizens, Goli\u010dnik Maru\u0161i\u0107 and \u0160uklje Erjavec (in press) elaborate on three diverse roles of the citizens as co-implementers, co-designers, and co-initiators, of which, only the co-initiator is highly involved in various steps of the contemporary planning process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With regard to the roles of professionals, scholars use different terms to denote them, ranging from the role of initiator, metadesigner, negotiator, involver and enthusiast (see e.g. Eggertsen Teder, 2019; Vandael et al., 2018).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These roles might overlap with those identified in other literature as facilitator (e.g. Vandael et al., 2018) or a mediator (Goli\u010dnik Maru\u0161i\u0107 &amp; \u0160uklje Erjavec, in press). Different terms used might be a reason for the confusion and the uncomprehensive overview of roles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nevertheless, it is clear that the co-creation process needs structure and clearly defined roles, yet it should also remain open to individual suggestions and approaches to enhance the creativity of all parties involved and facilitate constructive problem solving.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We elaborated on the roles in Figure 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/uirs-img-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1519\" width=\"735\" height=\"559\" srcset=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/uirs-img-2.png 885w, https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/uirs-img-2-300x228.png 300w, https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/uirs-img-2-768x584.png 768w, https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/uirs-img-2-24x18.png 24w, https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/uirs-img-2-36x27.png 36w, https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/uirs-img-2-48x37.png 48w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 735px) 100vw, 735px\" \/><figcaption>Figure 2: Roles of actors in the co-creation within the POS development process<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>References:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/02697459.2020.1829286\" target=\"_blank\">\u017dlender, V, \u0160uklje Erjavec, I &amp; Goli\u010dnik Maru\u0161i\u0107, B (2020). Digitally Supported Co-creation within Public Open Space Development Process: Experiences from the C3Places Project and Potential for Future Urban Practice. Planning Practice and Research. DOI: 10.1080\/02697459.2020.1829286.<\/a><\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24140\/2020-sct-vol.4-1.1\" target=\"_blank\">Goli\u010dnik Maru\u0161i\u0107, B., &amp; \u0160uklje Erjavec, I. (2020) Understanding co-creation within urban open space development process, in: C. Smaniotto Costa, M. Ma\u010diulien\u0117, M. Menezes, &amp; B. Goli\u010dnik Maru\u0161i\u0107. (Eds) Co-Creation of Public Open Places. Practice\u2014Reflection\u2014Learning. C3Places Project Lisbon: Lus\u00f3fona University Press. ISBN 978-989-757-125-1. DOI https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24140\/2020-sct-vol.4-1.1.<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .entry-content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- wp-show-posts-inner --><div class=\"wpsp-clear\"><\/div><\/article><article class=\" wp-show-posts-single wpsp-clearfix post-1512 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-co-creation-of-public-open-spaces category-uirs\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" itemscope><div class=\"wp-show-posts-inner\" style=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<header class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/?p=1512\" rel=\"bookmark\">Co-creation of Public Open Space \u2013 challenges and opportunities<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-meta wp-show-posts-entry-meta-below-title post-meta-inline\"><span class=\"wp-show-posts-terms wp-show-posts-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/?cat=60\" rel=\"tag\">Co-Creation of Public Open Spaces<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/?cat=98\" rel=\"tag\">Ljubljana (Slovenia)<\/a><\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/header><!-- .entry-header -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-content\" itemprop=\"text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p><strong>Authors<\/strong>: <strong><em>Barbara Goli\u010dnik Maru\u0161i\u0107, Ina \u0160uklje Erjavec, Vita \u017dlender<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To facilitate the smoothness of a co-creative process, different kinds of participatory tools, methods and technologies have been developed, most of them aiming at being easy to use and available to users anywhere and anytime. Commonly, it is still urban planners who are designing and initiating the process, so the selection of participatory tools mainly depends on them. However, the actors involved in the co-creation and the variety and relationships among them are of crucial importance for the success of the creation process. The relationship between all involved is a partnership, though some literature stresses the communication gaps between various actors involved.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Type of Activities and Tasks of Actors<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We defined specific tasks of planning experts and users as the actors involved in the process, and further develop the activities and tasks for each co-creation stage (Figure 1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"944\" height=\"782\" src=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/uirs-img-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1513\" srcset=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/uirs-img-1.png 944w, https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/uirs-img-1-300x249.png 300w, https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/uirs-img-1-768x636.png 768w, https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/uirs-img-1-24x20.png 24w, https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/uirs-img-1-36x30.png 36w, https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/uirs-img-1-48x40.png 48w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 944px) 100vw, 944px\" \/><figcaption>Figure1: Co-creation stages, activities, tasks of actors and likely results within the POS development process (\u017dlender et al., 2019)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:23px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Discover. <\/strong>In this phase, activities performed mainly relate to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Patterns of use: gathering information about the patterns of how people use a place to provide an overview of behaviours, activities and movements of people in POS;<\/li><li>Users\u2019 needs: collecting information on citizens\u2019 needs, wishes, preferences, complaints, and more;<\/li><li>Users\u2019 perception: collecting information on citizens\u2019 perceptions of the environment;<\/li><li>Spatial potential and problems: information on spatial potentials, problems, obstacles, etc.;<\/li><li>Using databases: spatial attributes and characteristics information on spatial attributes and other characteristics; and<\/li><li>Budget: data on budgetary possibilities.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Debate.<\/strong> In the debate phase, most important activities refer to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Scenario development facilitation: facilitating the development of the predictions and scenarios to help identify parameters that may impact on people\u2019s use of a POS;<\/li><li>Actual implementation check: checking financial possibilities and calculations for the implementation and management of different scenarios as possible realisations;<\/li><li>Possible place layout check: recognizing or understanding place types and their attributes to support the debate about priorities and possibilities once\/if implemented; and<\/li><li>Possible place content and purpose check: recognizing ideas and suggestions shared by the public and other stakeholders about the purpose, vision, aims, possibilities, problems, preferences and priorities of a place once\/if implemented<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Decide<\/strong>. In this phase, the final decision is met, and the solutions are co-created. Main activities of this phase are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Sharing the visions: expressed comments and visions from diverse actors involved;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Sharing opinions about the proposal(s): opinions about the proposal(s) based on results from the previous phase;.<\/li><li>Assessment of the proposal(s): appropriateness of the proposed solution(s) against selected criteria; and<\/li><li>Argumentation for the decision taken: arguing and evaluation steps for decisions taken.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Do<\/strong>. The final phase encompasses co-designing, delivering and implementing a solution, including the actual design use as well as its maintenance as a precondition for the long-term attractiveness and conduciveness for usage. In this phase, the activities may refer to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Search for (final) co-designed version: ways for searching for actual co-design solutions;<\/li><li>Modelling concepts and prototypes: ways for and types of modelling concepts and virtual prototypes;<\/li><li>Co-design experiences: co-design the site-specific experiences of various actors;<\/li><li>Co-creation by use: ways of use and types of actual experiences in co-creation according to use; and<\/li><li>Feedback from users: gathering feedback from users.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>References:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/02697459.2020.1829286\" target=\"_blank\">\u017dlender, V, \u0160uklje Erjavec, I &amp; Goli\u010dnik Maru\u0161i\u0107, B (2020). Digitally Supported Co-creation within Public Open Space Development Process: Experiences from the C3Places Project and Potential for Future Urban Practice. Planning Practice and Research. DOI: 10.1080\/02697459.2020.1829286.<\/a><\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24140\/2020-sct-vol.4-1.1\" target=\"_blank\">Goli\u010dnik Maru\u0161i\u0107, B., &amp; \u0160uklje Erjavec, I. (2020) Understanding co-creation within urban open space development process, in: C. Smaniotto Costa, M. Ma\u010diulien\u0117, M. Menezes, &amp; B. Goli\u010dnik Maru\u0161i\u0107. (Eds) Co-Creation of Public Open Places. Practice\u2014Reflection\u2014Learning. C3Places Project Lisbon: Lus\u00f3fona University Press. ISBN 978-989-757-125-1. DOI https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24140\/2020-sct-vol.4-1.1.<\/a><\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007%2F978-3-030-13417-4_17\" target=\"_blank\">\u0160uklje Erjavec, Ina, and Ruchinskaya, Tatiana (2019). A Spotlight of Co-Creation and Inclusiveness of Public Open Spaces. In CyberParks \u2013 The Interface Between People, Places and Technology, edited by Smaniotto Costa C. et al. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 11380. Springer, Cham.<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .entry-content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- wp-show-posts-inner --><div class=\"wpsp-clear\"><\/div><\/article><article class=\" wp-show-posts-single wpsp-clearfix post-1510 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-co-creation-of-public-open-spaces category-inclusive-digital-communities category-uirs category-public-space-users category-web-mobile-technologies\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" itemscope><div class=\"wp-show-posts-inner\" style=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<header class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/?p=1510\" rel=\"bookmark\">Digitally Supported Co-creation within Public Open Space Development Process. Experiences from the C3Places Project and Potential for Future Urban Practice<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-meta wp-show-posts-entry-meta-below-title post-meta-inline\"><span class=\"wp-show-posts-terms wp-show-posts-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/?cat=60\" rel=\"tag\">Co-Creation of Public Open Spaces<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/?cat=62\" rel=\"tag\">Inclusive &amp; Digital Communities<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/?cat=98\" rel=\"tag\">Ljubljana (Slovenia)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/?cat=63\" rel=\"tag\">Public Space Users and their Socio-Spatial Practices<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/?cat=96\" rel=\"tag\">Web-Mobile Technologies<\/a><\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/header><!-- .entry-header -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-content\" itemprop=\"text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p><strong>Authors<\/strong>: <strong><em>Vita \u017dlender , Ina \u0160uklje Erjavec, Barbara Goli\u010dnik Maru\u0161i\u0107<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This research aimed to explore information and communication technologies (ICT) types to support co-creation activities in public open spaces (POS) at different stages of the co-creation process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We conducted state-of-the-art research on the methods, best practices, obstacles and potential of ICT tools and co-creation activities to ease the interaction between stakeholders engaged in the process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Based on those findings, we proposed an ICT tools selection framework. Four living labs were analysed to better understand the practical side of digitally aided co-creation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We conclude by exposing challenges and suggest ways to move forward toward genuinely digitally supported co-creation of the POS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/02697459.2020.1829286\" target=\"_blank\">Read the full article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Vita \u017dlender , Ina \u0160uklje Erjavec &amp; Barbara Goli\u010dnik Maru\u0161i\u0107 (2020): Digitally Supported Co-creation within Public Open Space Development Process: Experiences from the C3Places Project and Potential for Future Urban Practice, Planning Practice &amp; Research, DOI: 10.1080\/02697459.2020.1829286<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .entry-content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- wp-show-posts-inner --><div class=\"wpsp-clear\"><\/div><\/article><article class=\" wp-show-posts-single wpsp-clearfix post-1493 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-co-creation-of-public-open-spaces category-uirs category-web-mobile-technologies\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" itemscope><div class=\"wp-show-posts-inner\" style=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<header class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/?p=1493\" rel=\"bookmark\">Types of ICT tools<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-meta wp-show-posts-entry-meta-below-title post-meta-inline\"><span class=\"wp-show-posts-terms wp-show-posts-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/?cat=60\" rel=\"tag\">Co-Creation of Public Open Spaces<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/?cat=98\" rel=\"tag\">Ljubljana (Slovenia)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/?cat=96\" rel=\"tag\">Web-Mobile Technologies<\/a><\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/header><!-- .entry-header -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-show-posts-entry-content\" itemprop=\"text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p><strong>Authors<\/strong>: <strong><em>Ina \u0160uklje Erjavec, Vita \u017dlender<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The development of digital technologies opened new opportunities for different collaborative processes, many new possibilities to engage and activate people, and for new ways of interacting with the environment. On the basis, of the possible use of different ICT tools in the relation to the type of function and way of integration in the process of planning and design, place making, place management and community engagement. We have systemised types of ICT tools and their supporting devices according to location of the tool in the relation to the open space and the way of its interaction with the user. In that was we defined three main categories:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Place-located ICT tools<\/li><li>Portable ICT tools<\/li><li>Remotely accessible ICT tools<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Each category is also structured into the subtypes of tools, which are defined according to POS, user-related functions and specific characteristics. The subtypes of tools are defined according to the POS and user-related functions and specific characteristics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Place-located ICT tools<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These tools are located \u2018in place\u2019 and installed as a part of physical features of POS. Such digital tools add new functions into existing place or are part of the design of the new one, combining digital and physical layers into a new hybrid use. The overview of place located ICT tools is presented in the following table.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Type<\/td><td>Subtype<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><strong>Individual digital elements<\/strong><\/strong><br>as new types of equipment in POS<\/td><td>Digital public displays&nbsp;<br><br>Public interactive displays<br><br>Multimedia interactive elements<br><br>Multifunctional tech totems<br><br>Interactive and responsive sound installations<br><br>Responsive lighting elements&nbsp;<br><br>Multimedia pavilions<br><br>Interactive POS elements: a combination of different digital elements (e.g. screens + speakers + lighting) as artistic installations per se or frames for them, responsive sculptures and fountains, play equipment, etc.<br><br>Individual elements for energy provision, as electric vehicle charging stations, solar energy stations, etc.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Digital part(s) <\/strong>of POS equipment or parts of surrounding buildings and equipment<\/td><td><br>Digital elements upgrading or supporting the functioning of urban elements (these are incorporated into traditional types of POS furniture like bench, table, fence, light, playing or sport equipment, etc.)<br><br>Digital additions for upgrading the functioning, maintenance or experience of the area like WI-FI hotspot, speakers, QR codes, sensors, beacons, universal intelligent nodes<br><br>Elements for energy provision to support use of portable ICT devices that are incorporated into traditional types of POS furniture, playing or sports equipment, etc.) in a form of plugs, solar panels, etc.<br><br>Media facades as part of other built structures, e.g. facades, walls, etc.<br><br>Projection mapping (Digital projectors)<br>Digital projectors as part of other built structures, e.g. facades, grounds, walls, etc.<br><br>SAR (spatial augmented reality) systems:&nbsp;<br>&#8211; Shader lamps (projector-based augmentation)<br>&#8211; Mobile projectors&nbsp;<br>&#8211; Virtual tables<br>&#8211; Smart projectors (projection mapping), etc.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Responsive materials<\/strong><\/td><td>Adaptive pavements (adapting to the weather, accessibility needs, etc.)<br><br>Responsive verticals (changing by touch, sound, etc.)<br><br>Measuring materials (for monitoring the use, conditions, etc.)<br><br>Self-cleaning, self-repairing and materials<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Portable ICT tools<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These tools bring a user to the public open space and establish a relationship with space, other users and\/or other premises. Their main purpose for POS development and co-creation is to develop new forms of uses and activities in POS by extending human abilities, i.e. adding a digital sense to five basic human senses and to support a direct feedback of users for better POS development and management. Their structure is presented in the following table.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Type<\/td><td>Subtype<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Smart devices<\/strong><\/td><td>Smartphones and tablets<br><br>Smart glasses (e.g. Google Glasses)<br><br>Smart grid<br><br>Smart watches (e.g. iWatch), etc.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Place related mobile APPS<\/strong><\/td><td>Directly supporting learning about place and its natural and manmade characteristics, adding to the experience of place, support moving through it, activity and movement tracking)<br><br>Collect and share data on environmental conditions, evaluate conditions, etc.<br><br>Directly support place evaluation and feedback<br><br>VR and AR apps for opinion and proposal development and sharing, etc.<br><br>Other apps are discussed within web platforms and apps (Table 3)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>GPS -positioning devices<\/strong><\/td><td>Individual or as part of other smart devices<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Other personal VR and AR devices<\/strong><\/td><td>Head-mounted displays (e.g. headsets, eyeglasses, contact lenses)<br><br>Multi-projected environments<br><br>Combination with physical environments or props (e.g. 3D mouse, the wired glove, motion controllers, optical tracking sensors)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Cameras, recorders<\/strong><\/td><td>Many different options<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>E-textiles \u2013 aesthetic and performance enhancing<\/strong><\/td><td>Smart garments, smart clothing, smart textiles, or smart fabrics providing the added values to the wearer, enabling the interaction with the environment and responsiveness to the personal activities and condition<br><br>Wearable computing with microcontrollers, sensors and actuators<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Digital health and fitness tools<\/strong><\/td><td>Devices and apps to encourage healthy habits, fitness and other physical activity tracking, health measurements, Internet connected fitness systems, Environment quality sensors and alarm systems<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Remotely accessible ICT tools<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This group encompasses, on the one side, a broad variety of ICT tools such as laptops, PCs, screens, mobile phones and other hardware, and on the other, web platforms and apps used for digitally networked interactions such as distant society engagement, public consultation, information and opinion collection, exchange and sharing, voting, etc. Their general advantage is that they can at one time reach a much larger number of people who can also choose their own time of use.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the structure we focus on aspects that are very important to support different co-creation activities for POS development, such as preparation, discovering, debating, deciding, designing, implementation, maintenance, use, and monitoring of public open spaces. The following table provides a general overview on how different components and tools enable and support different dimensions of remote public involvement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Type of components \/ tools<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Examples<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Social networking platforms and sites<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Pinterest, Facebook, Instagram<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Static web sites<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Professional portfolios, digital curriculums<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Blogs and microblogs<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">WordPress, Joomla, Drupal, Twitter<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Tools for social bookmarking, tagging<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Tools for social bookmarking, tagging<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Online storage<\/strong><br>(cloud storage, file synchronisation, personal cloud)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Dropbox, GoogleDrive, iCloud<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Social network aggregation<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Hoot Suite, FriendFeed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Encyclopaedia<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Wikipedia<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wordstream.com\/blog\/ws\/2014\/11\/10\/best-online-survey-tools\" target=\"_blank\">Survey<\/a><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Google Forms, SurveyHero, Typeform, SurveyMonky, InvolveMe<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong><strong>Content communities <\/strong><\/strong>&#8211; Online databases of multimedia content, that allow users to share online multimedia materials by photo, video, podcasts, presentations, etc.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Flickr, SmugMug, Picasa, GigaPan<br>Youtube, Vimeo<br>iTunes<br>SlideShare, VoiceThread<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Internet forum \/ Message board<\/strong><br>Textboards and Imageboards<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Quora, SkyscrapperCity<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Chat rooms<\/strong><br>in the form of Web conferencing, Video conferencing, etc.<br><strong>Instant messaging<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Facebook Messenger, Gmail messenger, WhatsApp<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Electronic mailing list, news group<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Mailing lists of different organisations, companies, institutions, etc.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Online dictionaries<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Urban Dictionary<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Web_mapping\" target=\"_blank\">WEB GIS<\/a><br>&#8211;<strong> <\/strong>Analytical<br>&#8211; Animated and real-time<br>&#8211; Collaborative (e.g. PPGIS)<br>&#8211; Online atlases, etc.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Open Street Map, Google maps, Apple maps, and many different projects specific and city specific data collection platforms<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Web-based simulation platforms and apps<\/strong><br>for discrete events, continuous events, etc.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Digital participatory platforms: Mobility Testbed, Commonplace, coUrbanize, TransformCity, etc.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Construction and management simulation games, <\/strong>e.g. city building games<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Lincity, SimCity, etc.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Augmented reality apps<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Pokemon GO, ScentExplore<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Virtual social worlds<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Second life<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Reference:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24140\/2020-sct-vol.4-2.1\" target=\"_blank\">\u0160uklje Erjavec, I. &amp; \u017dlender, V. (2020). Categorization of digital tools for co-creation of public open spaces. Key aspects and possibilities. Planning Practice and Research (165-183). In Smaniotto Costa, C., Ma\u010diulien\u0117, M., Menezes, M. &amp; Goli\u010dnik Maru\u0161i\u0107, B. (Eds.). Co-Creation of Public Open Places. Practice &#8211; Reflection &#8211; Learning. C3Places Project. Lisbon: Lus\u00f3fona University Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24140\/2020-sct-vol.4-2.1.<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .entry-content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- wp-show-posts-inner --><div class=\"wpsp-clear\"><\/div><\/article><\/section><!-- .wp-show-posts -->\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Partner: UIRS &#8211; Urban Planning Institute of the Republic of Slovenia<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1884"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1884"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1884\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1890,"href":"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1884\/revisions\/1890"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/myc3place.di.unimi.it\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1884"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}